An attempt has been made in this study to categorise the recent modeling works based on certain specific criteria such as type of gasifier, feedstock, modeling considerations and evaluated parameters.
A linear model of each chemical component was developed based on the feedstock, control method and their interaction, and evaluated using Tukey's HSD test based on 95%% confidence intervals (Agricolae package, version 1.2-1 [ 71]).
A 100 kg/h up-scaled downdraft gasifier system was designed, built and evaluated using switchgrass and eastern redcedar as feedstocks.
The three lignocellulosic feedstocks were evaluated for their biomethane potential in their initial untreated form and after pretreatment using three different methods, hydrothermal (HT), dilute acid (DA), and steam explosion (SE).
The effect of the balance of biochar vs. syngas as primary end product of biofuel production on GHG emissions from the chosen feedstocks was evaluated by calculating the percent difference between GHG emissions associated with the production of biochar and that of biofuels produced without biochar coproduction.
In addition, the development of technologies for ethanol production based on lignocellulosic feedstocks has been evaluated intensively [ 39, 40] and should also contribute to the increasing demand for this fuel.
In fact, the feedstocks evaluated in this study could be clustered in the pairs 55-70 and 74-120 according to the degree of arabinose substitution of the xylan backbone (ratio xylose: arabinose of 11.7 to 13.2 and 15 to 15.5 for the varieties 55-70 and 74-120, respectively).
While the direct WD, EROIfossil, and net life cycle GHG emissions are important criteria for evaluating biomass feedstocks and biofuels, other sustainability indicators must also be considered to ensure that microalgal derived biofuels do not shift the environmental impacts across their life cycle from one impact category to another.
The homogeneity of the feedstock was evaluated by torque rheometer, microstructure observations, binder burnout analysis, and an extrusion test.
Two different MFC configurations designed for handling solid wastes as a feedstock were evaluated in batch mode: a single compartment combined membrane-electrodes (SCME) design; and a twin-compartment brush-type anode electrodes (TBE) design (reversed T-shape MFC with two-air cathode) without a proton exchange membrane (PEM).
