Besides the capital cost of the plant, the main parameters influencing the production cost of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials are the cost of feedstock, enzyme, and energy.
Considering that the cost of H2O2 would likely be one of the primary contributions to the raw materials costs, (along with biomass feedstock, enzyme, and catalyst cost) this 50-65% decrease in the H2O2 loading is substantial.
These compound detoxification is affected by feedstock nature, enzyme characteristics, and pretreatment harshness [26].
Both feedstock and enzyme cost are positively correlated with the MESP, whereas electricity credit is negatively correlated.
In both cases, the processes are clearly dependent on the pretreatment conditions, feedstock and enzyme preparation chosen.
Since fungal cultivation was conducted on the same feedstock, the enzyme mixture is highly optimized for this substrate.
Irrespective of the processing technology, feedstock and enzyme prices have consistently emerged as key determinants influencing the cost of bioethanol production.
It is evident that at respective contributions of 51%, 45 % and 17 of the MESP, feedstock cost, enzyme cost and price of renewable electricity are major economic determinants influencing the price of bioethanol from bamboo.
Although feedstock and enzyme prices as well as electricity credits are the principal drivers of bioethanol production, additional factors such as excise duties and distribution costs are significant and can double the final ethanol selling price at the pump (petrol filling station) compared with its initial production cost.
However, these changes in amino acid proportions, due to differences in feedstock and enzyme sources, did not affect the overall fermentation profiles of S. cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) grown on the hydrolysate, as the results obtained in this study are comparable to those of our previous work [ 10].
First-generation ethanol plants provide a valuable market for incremental technology in the form of better feedstock varieties, enzymes, microbes and other process enhancements.
