In some cases, the feed were supplemented with cheap caustic agents, such as sodium bicarbonate or urea (O-Thong et al. 2008a, b; Kongjan and Angelidaki 2010; Kongjan et al. 2010a, b; Abreu et al. 2012).
By week 6, 23.5% of women discontinued breast-feeding, and 64.5% of those breast-feeding were supplementing.
In India, in contrast with Africa, livestock feed is supplemented by concentrate feeds.
Antibiotics also enter the soil through the use of manure from livestock whose feed was supplemented with antibiotics [9], and wastewater can contain multiple drugs at concentrations in the range of ng/L, even after treatment [10].
The effects of temperature on female and male G. m. morsitans and of mating on female G. m. morsitans transmission of T. b. brucei are shown in Figure 4. To enhance midgut infections to a level at which changes in rates of maturation would be apparent, the infective feed was supplemented with 15 mM glutathione (GSH).
The ELE and BLE groups were fed identically to the FG group, but their feed was supplemented with 1% (w/w) ELE or BLE.
In all groups, the same starter and pig meal without antimicrobials was administered throughout the study, (i.e. from arrival in the experimental facilities at three weeks of age until euthanasia at 15 weeks of age), except in group B for which the feed was supplemented as described above.
Forty-eight healthy pigs (Duroc × landrace × yorkshire, male) of approximately 14 kg body weight were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 16 in each group): a control group (0 CLA), a 1% CLA group, and a 2% CLA group, and their feed was supplemented with the corresponding level of a CLA mixture (c9, t11-CLA: t10, c12-CLA = 1 1, purchased from Aohai Biotechnology Co, Ltd. Qingdao, China).
Beginning at 22 days postpartum, three pens of ewes fed AP and three pens of ewes fed CS were supplemented with oil (30 g/kg of ration DM) in place of corn meal.
