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I've spent the last 4-plus years pipetting, centrifuging, electrophoresing, grading exams, and feeding cell cultures.
No clear sign of binucleate initiating giant cells were observed although signs of feeding cell induction like condensed cytoplasm could be infrequently seen.
Importantly, this occurs before feeding cell initiation.
Plastid retention is a form of mixotrophy whereby a feeding cell temporarily sequesters the plastids of prey in order to benefit from the photosynthesis occurring in the stolen organelle.
Once inside, the nematode releases esophageal secretions which induce the formation of a multinucleate feeding cell.
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There are striking physical resemblances between choanoflagellates and certain animal cells, specifically the feeding cells of sponges, called choanocytes.
By secreting a number of compounds (including effectors) into root cells, RKNs induce their differentiation into hypertrophied, multinucleate and metabolically active feeding cells, named giant cells (GCs) (Kyndt et al. [2013]).
It might also be mentioned that P. rhodozyma feeding cells with weakened walls increases the efficiency of deposition of astaxanthin in the flesh of cultivated salmonids and crustaceans (Johnson 1989).
Nematodes entered the roots, preferentially via the root elongation zone migrating via the cortex to the root tip and then migrating up into the vascular cylinder where it induces feeding cells (Figure 1).
We examined the relationship between phagosomal pH and the presence of V-ATPase by feeding cells yeast that had been labeled with FITC, a pH-sensitive fluorophore.
Cell expansion, cell elongation, cell wall biosynthesis, and cell wall dissolution are all physiological processes that have been observed indirectly within nematode-induced feeding cells [ 66, 67].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com