O'Connor recognized the continuing controlling nature of Hill in this regard, and acknowledged that questions of constitutionality and preemption must "be assessed independently in terms of its potential conflict with the federal enactment".
Williams, whose efforts as lieutenant governor had rescued the school from extinction, never witnessed this landmark occasion to which he had dedicated so much of his life, as he had become ill and died the year prior to the federal enactment.
Sunstein notes that the Rehnquist Court struck down more than three dozen federal enactments between 1995 and 2004 — "a record of aggressiveness against the national legislature that is unequaled in the nation's history".
Quebec's government asked for federal intervention, prompting enactment of the War Measures Act, which suspended the usual civil liberties.
"The sale of the Tribune Company's newspaper assets would provide the Koch brothers a powerful and influential platform by which to promote, at both the local, state and federal level, that enactment of their anti-public pension fund policies," the unions said in a letter to Bruce Karsh, who is president of Oaktree Capital Management and chairman of the Tribune board of directors.
In United States v. Paul (1832)—involving a criminal burglary at West Point, prosecuted via an 1829 New York statute defining burglary in the third degree the Court held that the assimilative crimes provision was limited to state crimes in force at the time of the federal statute's enactment.
In the US, activists first exploited the legal 'space' between state and federal laws through the enactment of Proposition 215 or the Compassionate Use Act (1996).
But industry and federal officials said the enactment of an energy law would spur investment in upgrading the transmission infrastructure.
Also important was the city's commitment to getting guns off the street, and the enactment of federal gun control measures.
General Motors said that "adoption of these health care principles will not advance the legislative debate or facilitate the enactment of federal legislation that would benefit the corporation, its stockholders or the country".
Seat belts, too: Although US carmaker Nash offered lap belts as options as far back as 1949, it wasn't until the enactment of federal legislation in 1968 that belts became required equipment for all cars sold in the US.
