Both had been fed ruminant fetuses and stillborns from surrounding farms in an area where many bluetongue cases had been confirmed (2 ).
Although infection by an insect vector cannot be excluded, transmission by the oral route must be strongly suspected because the lynx described in this report had been fed ruminant fetuses and stillborn animals from surrounding farms.
The aim of the present study was to examine the post-ruminal effects of feeding ruminants different concentrations of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in low crude protein diets using the long-term rumen simulation method (Rusitec) followed by in vitro abomasum and ileum digestibility technique.
Therefore, complete detoxification of CSM before using it to feed ruminants is recommended.
Feeding ruminants with dry hay before or during grazing as well as slow adaptation to bloat risk pastures is one of the safest bloat prevention methods [39, 41].
In Egypt, although there are about 30 million tons of agricultural by-products produced annually, only 4.15 million tons of crop residues are used for feeding ruminants (Ministry of Agriculture 2006).
At present, silage is used to feed ruminants, and is believed to be a potential feedstock for cellulosic ethanol-based biorefineries.
To date, information regarding the effect of feeding ruminants with diet enriched high level of concentrate on epithelial structure in the hindgut is not available.
In spite of early evidence of the role of meat and bone meal (MBM) in transmission of the disease in the United Kingdom [ 1, 2] and the implementation of the ban on the use of MBM for feeding ruminants, the epidemic extended rapidly to most European countries.
The F.D.A.'s rules against feeding ruminant protein to ruminants make exceptions for "blood products" (even though they contain protein) and fat.
The first such policy was to ban feeding ruminant-derived meat and bone meal to ruminants, which was later extended to all farm animals, "the real feed ban" (http://www.cdc.gov/prions/bse/feed-ban.html).html
