A similar delayed response to viral infection of around 2 weeks was observed previously after ASRV infection in salmon fed functional feeds [ 25].
Fish fed functional feeds showed lower liver histoscores over the whole course of the infection, significantly so at 6-, 12- and 14-wpc, possibly due to the lower dietary lipid content that could reduce liver lipid metabolism when circulatory disturbances are potentially affecting this organ.
7 However, in the course of adaptation to aquatic life and feeding, functional teeth changed substantially.
Significant "activity" limitations can also be present (e.g., dressing, feeding, functional mobility) as well as restricted "participation" (e.g., playing, participating in school) in social and community roles for the child.
Several genera (Acarichthys, Biotodoma, Geophagus, 'Geophagus' brasiliensis, 'Geophagus' steindachneri, Gymnogeophagus, Mikrogeophagus, and Satanoperca), although distinct in overall morphology and feeding functional morphology [ 20] consist primarily of benthic substrate-sifting species that feed by extracting invertebrates from ingested substrate using a behaviour known as winnowing [ 31, 32].
Extensive work on feeding functional morphology [ 20] and trophic divergence [ 29, 31- 33] identified trophic specialization as a major source of adaptive diversification in the geophagine radiation with predators, benthic sifters, and invertebrate pickers exhibiting trait complexes associated with strong biting, suction, and rapid jaw-closing capabilities respectively [ 20].
In vivo, much attention has been given to the determination of glucose absorption after DON exposure but only limited studies have assessed expression of nutrient transporter genes when feeding functional nutrients to alleviate poisoning triggered by a single dose of dietary DON exposure [ 9, 15– 22].
In ventricle, fish fed both functional feeds showed lower histoscores although they were not significantly different.
Furthermore, liver pathology was significantly reduced during the time course of the infection in fish fed the functional feeds.
Fish fed both functional feeds showed significantly lower histoscores in the atrium at both 6- and 8-wpc compared to fish fed the REF diet.
As expected, many genes related with the T-cell response showed lower expression in fish fed the functional feeds compared with fish fed the REF diet [ 10].
