In the vision literature, psychophysical studies demonstrating that learning is not only specific to the trained stimuli (Ahissar & Hochstein, 1997; Karni & Sagi, 1991), but also to the features attended to during training (Ahissar & Hochstein, 1993), have been interpreted as evidence for an interaction between bottom-up and top-down mechanisms during learning (Ahissar & Hochstein, 2004).
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"Being able to automatically understand how specific features are attended to clearly has great ramifications for understanding humans, and using that knowledge further".
"One of the great advances last year has been the introduction of object tracking in relation to the analysis of data from mobile eye trackers," says iMotions' Farnsworth, referring to the process by which specific visual features can be delineated from a scene, and information about how that particular feature is attended to can then be recorded.
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For supervised learning, biased ARTMAP (bARTMAP) solves the problem of over-emphasis on early critical features by directing attention away from previously attended features after the system makes a predictive error.
Using color as an example, the unattended features (C−O+S+; C−O+S−; C−O−S+; C−O−S−) were subtracted from the attended features (C+O+S+; C+O−S+; C+O+S−; C+O−S−), resulting in the difference comparison for overall attended – unattended conditions for each feature, separately.
The presence of an SN in all the age groups suggests that a similar mechanism to the selection of attended features, the SN, occurs when the negation of certain features is the criterion for target selection.
Because the environmental features for the two kinds of navigation were clustered in different regions of the environment (and the video display), a simple analysis of gaze-position during the first (i.e., orienting) second of each trial revealed which features were being attended to, and therefore, which navigational strategy was about to be employed on the upcoming trial.
While this was not a focus of the present study, listeners' perceptions of the attended features were invariant in the face of fluctuating amplitude.
Based on the memory and the given task, the attention control mechanism (see 2 in Fig. 1) determines which regions and features will be attended in the scene.
