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The most common barriers to testing were fear of results, belief that it was not necessary, and lack of time.
Barriers to collection included embarrassment, fear of results, concerns around hygiene and contamination, discretion and privacy, and lack of information.
Reluctance to test has been associated with fear of results, and stigma and discrimination often hinder utilization of HIV services [ 69, 70].
Fear of results was cited by 44% of physicians as the main explanation why subjects did not undergo BC screening tests versus only 18% of subjects.
On the contrary, GPs considered that patients' reluctance to perform screening tests is related to fear of results (16%), feeling of not being concerned (11%), non-recommendation by GP (9%) or lack of information (8%).
Patients perceived that handling stools was dirty and embarrassing, and it was found that a lack of information about why patients were collecting the stool, how to do it, receptionist involvement, privacy during returning specimens, and fear of results were all barriers to collection.
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This finding is noteworthy since many studies across sub-Saharan Africa (Banteyerga et al. 2003) suggest that clients prefer to access HIV services away from their local communities due to concerns of being recognized and fear of resulting stigma or discrimination.
However, it offers a number of additional advantages such as it allows tracking of closely related proteins without fear of spurious results resulting from cross-reactive antibodies.
The reasons reported (detailed reply) were fear of the results, waiting for the results and fear of the risks and the examination procedure: 'fear of not having the results after the examination', 'fear of recurrence'lackack of dialogue'feelinging of isolation', 'fear of x-rays', 'fear of the injection', 'risk of irradiation with old equipment'.
Fear of positive results, stigma and discrimination following the positive results were reported as main barriers for VCT uptake.
"In Italy there is a lot of fear of bad results very quickly.
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