The risk factors of polypharmacy, absence of orthostatic hypotension, fear of falling, impaired vision, mood and high risk of osteoporosis were all independently associated with visiting the A&E Department.
In this regard, findings from animal models of impaired fear extinction may have even enhanced translational value and relevance to the clinical situation.
Starting from the study of fear extinction impaired by lesions of the ventral mPFC (vmPFC-PrL and IL), a role of the vmPFC in fear extinction has been discovered (Morgan et al., 1993).
By using a classical cued fear conditioning paradigm, we found for the first time that HAB rats with a genetic predisposition to hyperanxiety (for review, see e.g. Landgraf et al., 2007) show evidence of impaired extinction of conditioned fear, whereas no differences in fear acquisition were observed when compared with LAB rats.
The instability has been associated with psychosocial dysfunction, such as fear of movement, and impaired physical functioning.
Older age, increased fear of falling and impaired functional independence and mobility seemed to be related to lower likelihood of patients being maintained on osteoporosis treatment at 12 months.
Baseline comparisons showed that worse HbA1c, greater diabetes-related healthcare resource use, greater fear of hypoglycaemia, and impaired health outcomes were associated with experience of hypoglycaemia in the four weeks prior to baseline.
Likewise, linking patient surveys with healthcare claims data demonstrates that patients with T2D treated with pharmacotherapy who experience HEs have higher medical costs, more fear of hypoglycaemia, and impaired health status relative to patients without HEs [ 23].
Based on the results of the CTI, the following modifiable risk factors were assessed: polypharmacy, complaints of orthostatic hypotension, balance and mobility disorders, fear of falling (FOF), impaired vision, urinary incontinence, presence of mood disorder symptoms and a high risk of osteoporosis [ 5, 6, 18].
