In the study FEAR [26], 50 potato fields and 50 maize fields were selected randomly, but representative for the extent of cultivation and diversity of soil types in the Austrian potato and maize cultivation regions.
We trained our emotion models on tweets annotated with basic emotion hashtags that correspond to six Ekman's emotion classes - joy, sadness, disgust, surprise, anger, and fear [34, 43].
CS-induced freezing after Pavlovian conditioning is thought to reflect a state of fear [21], [22].
This is in line with the rather selective effects of the peptide on contextual fear memory and the (highly context-dependent) extinction of previously conditioned fear [21], [28].
IL bursting might also facilitate the activity of inhibitory intercalated cells in the amygdala that are involved in the inhibition of fear [8], [46].
Fear conditioning has proven to be an extremely robust, rapid, and precise experimental approach for studying the neurobiological substrates of fear [2], [7] [15], while fear extinction most probably represents the main therapeutic ingredient of exposure-based psychotherapies.
It is commonly recognized that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is required for the acquisition of fear conditioning, since intraamygdala infusions of NMDARs antagonists block the establishment of conditioned fear [10], [11], [12].
Poor emotional health is associated with increased childbirth fear 13, 15, 45.
Neither study, however, used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to evaluate the intervention, nor did they use a standardized measure of fear 18, 34.
The potential abuse of BoNT in bioweapons is feared [1], [14].
In a given session of 200 trials, the three alternatives were either [1, happy; 2, other; 3, fear] or [1, woman; 2, other; 3, man].
