Nevertheless, scoring was performed such that only accurate expressions counted for the "presence" of a concept; students' faulty expressions about heredity, for example, would not count as the presence of the key concept of heredity.
Moreover, since the EMG products, by their intrinsic nature, act genome-wide, their faulty expressions could give rise to pleiotropic influences over the entire genome; therefore, once the errors are inscribed by unbalanced epigenetic systems, they are seldom fixed.
Finally, in the case of EMGs, quite a few genes showed faulty expression as inferred by a tendency toward greater expression in the SCNT groups (Table 3).
This copying activity has been linked to a range of deleterious mutations, for instance chromosomal aberrations, and faulty expression of genes [ 1].
Since the expression profile of genes is normally conserved among evolutionary close species, any expression profile that is unique for a single species is likely to indicate faulty expression profiling rather than a biological meaningful result.
Interestingly, the orientation defects in cortical neurons described in the literature are primarily associated with the faulty expression of genes involved in the Sema3A-signaling pathway (Behar et al., 1996; Chae et al., 1997; Chen et al., 2008; Ohshima et al., 2007; Polleux et al., 1998, 2000; Sasaki et al., 2002; Shelly et al., 2011).
Faulty NOTCH expression as well as related family members have been implicated in multiple human diseases since association with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 1991 [22].
The finding could reveal much about how cells control gene activity, and also illuminate cancer, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases spurred by faulty gene expression.
Probably the three latter false positives have a common origin in a clone with faulty heterologous expression.
Reprogramming errors perturb genetic programming, yielding faulty gene expression profiles, and accumulation of these errors hampers normal development of SCNT embryos (Humpherys et al. 2001).
We suggest that the general downregulation of these pathways is an indication of faulty embryologic gene expression causing imperfect cardiac development in these children.
