Sentence examples for fault material from inspiring English sources

This suggests the possible influence of fluid chemistry on the frictional properties of the fault material.

The simple stratification signature of the material inputs (Figure 1b) may help us to better understand the processes leading to a heterogeneous distribution of fault material along the subduction channel.

Both temperature anomaly analysis and laboratory experiments [15] showed that the frictional coefficient of fault material is very low (less than 0.1) indicating a very weak fault zone at least at the toe of the décollement.

The large fault rupture and propagation might have been due to the essentially weak fault material and dynamic weakening (Ujiie et al. [2013]) and/or abnormal fluid pressure along the megathrust (Kimura et al. [2012]).

Specifically, we documented the mineralogy, deformation structures, and friction coefficients of fault materials at a site on the active Atera fault in central Japan.

Similar weak healing has been reported in clay-rich natural fault materials from the San Andreas Fault (Carpenter et al. 2011) and from the Zuccale Fault in central Italy (Tesei et al. 2012).

The permeability variations observed in the JFAST sites were explained by the proportion of clay minerals, whereby the higher abundance of clay in the plate boundary fault materials resulted in extremely low permeability.

The relationship of shear stress to normal stress was strongly linear (Fig. 3f), and the friction coefficients of the fault materials were as follows: hangingwall, 0.77; footwall, 0.78; light gray gouge, 0.19 0.24; brown fault gouge, 0.40 and 0.43; and black fault breccia, 0.70 (Fig. 4a).

This recovery process could be different in fault materials, such as reported for the San Andreas Fault, which shows weak or no frictional healing due to the presence of clay minerals, resulting in the mechanical weakness of this active tectonic fault (Carpenter et al. 2011).

A number of studies about laboratory measurements of permeability of natural and synthetic fault materials indicate low permeability within the fault core and variable permeability in the complex damage zone structure, which is governed by macroscale fracture networks and low-permeability deformation bands (e.g., Faulkner et al. 2010; Carpenter et al. 2014).

The ultimate goals of the NanTroSEIZE deep drilling program are to sample the plate-boundary megathrust and megasplay fault materials at an approximately 6-km depth and to instrument an observatory system across the plate-boundary fault system (Tobin and Kinoshita 2006).