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In the literature, the majority of DC protection algorithms essentially use the first travelling waves initiated by a DC fault for fault discrimination due to the stringent time constraint in DC grid protection.
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This paper presents a rough set-based prototype system that aims at ranking the possible faults for fault diagnosis.
Wave-passage effects are described for strength-reduction factors near faults, for fault-normal and fault-parallel strong-motion displacements.
Further challenges are faced now, i.e. the design of SR plans for larger systems as good as those for relatively smaller ones and for multiple faults as good as those for one fault (single fault).
According to the Research Group for Active Faults of Japan (1991), the topographic high corresponding to the fault scarp has been recognized as the fault features (fault topography) for the Yunotake fault.
For the sensor fault, the fault tolerant federated Kalman filter is designed for the tilt-rotor UAV system.
For the Hinagu fault, the fault plane was set to a rectangle 20 km long and 20 km wide.
For the actuator fault, the fault tolerant control scheme based on model error control synthesis is presented.
Geometric fault detection and isolation filters are known for having excellent fault isolation, fault reconstruction and sensitivity properties under small modeling uncertainty and noise.
The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated using data simulated for variation of fault type, fault inception angle, fault location, power flow angle, reverse power flow and fault resistance.
Consequently, in two-dimensional gravity surveys for faults, a fault dip estimated from the eigenvectors of the gravity gradient tensor calculated from the gravity anomaly would be of additional value.
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