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The performance of the CZMs is also investigated for additive and non-additive decomposition of total damage into its static and fatigue components, and for constrained and unconstrained damage update strategies in the vicinity of the crack tip.
The aims of this study were firstly, to provide comparative data of fatigue, using the MFI 20, between COPD patients and healthy elderly subjects and secondly, to explore possible predictors of fatigue components of the MFI 20.
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This might be explained by the strong fatigue component of the burnout measure, which includes items relating to physical and emotional exhaustion.
Most of the items loading substantially on component 1 describing the general impact of fatigue (general fatigue component), items describing the impact on energetic and functional status loaded on component 2 (functional ability component), and items describing the psychosocial impact of fatigue loaded on component 3 (psychosocial component) as shown in Table 2.
Our studies indicate that in young skeletal muscle, SOCE contributes to maintenance of contractile force under high frequency stimulation, where Ca2+ requirements may exceed the capacity of the intracellular store to provide for sustained and repetitive contractions, almost as if there is a fatigue component to the SOCE regulation of contractile force.
Design and verification of fatigue critical components typically involve several steps, including such obvious topics as stress analysis and fatigue testing of components and structures.
Most fatigue loaded components or structures experience a variety of stress histories under typical operating loading conditions.
This variability is commonly attributed to the heterogeneity of cyclic plastic deformation within the microstructure, and presents a challenge to minimum life design of fatigue resistant components.
It has been observed that, by carefully designing the heat treatment the high density powder metallurgy steel can be beneficially used in fatigue loaded components.
The performance function associated with fatigue prone components is typically expressed with respect to the actual fatigue life and the target fatigue life [45] (referred to as t c and t F, respectively, in Fig. 3).
Unfortunately several large mining structures have recently collapsed, due to fatigue related component failures.
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