Table 2 summarizes the attack, case hospitalization and case fatality rates reported for NoV in the identified LTCF studies.
Case fatality rates reported in various NRUs in the African sub-region have been unacceptably high [ 9, 10, 13].
Understandably, the high human fatality rates reported during the recent epidemics of Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome have attracted high levels of publicity.
In 2012, a debate was published in Science about the number of humans who have experienced subclinical infection with avian influenza A H5 and how this unknown denominator could affect the case-fatality rate reported by the World Health Organization (1, 2 ).
However, the complexity of clinical outcomes observed for patients, as well as the high case-fatality rate reported in the state of Mato Grosso and Brazilian Amazon (43.3%), were not similar to data associated with Laguna Negra infections in Paraguay (3 ), which suggests that 2 different hantaviruses related to HPS cases are co-circulating in this state.
In Hong Kong where all races are held on this type of natural turf surface, the fatality rate is reported to be 0.3 per 1,000 starts – possibly the lowest in the world.
Statistically significant reduction of maternal mortality ratio and case fatality rate were reported in 55% and 40% of the programs respectively.
"With an almost one-third fatality rate and reported cases increasing every day, we may be dealing with a major epidemic," Dr. Guido Sabatinelli, WHO Representative in Sudan, said today.
In France and the UK, the outbreak case-fatality rate was compared with the rate reported from national surveillance.
The reported fatality rate is 0.87%, the incubation period is 3-4 days, the transmission rate reported by Ro is 1.4 and the confirmation rate of suspicious cases is 29% [ 7].
