The case-fatality rate differences probably reflect sampling error because our experimental infections produced disease in only one horse.
Additionally, denoting by r the region of employment of individual i, regional ∅ r and year ϕ t fixed-effects account for a variety of macroeconomic factors possibly correlated to the work injury and fatality rate, such as differences in the distribution of occupations and industries across Spanish regions or specific economic shocks.
It is not clear whether the differences in fatality rate between these two countries are related to differences in molecular attributes of the prevalent H5N1 strains in each country, or environmental conditions and/or timing of the diagnosis and/or treatment options and regimes.
However, residence was no longer a significant factor in the multiple regression model (table 3), suggesting that the rural urban difference in the fatality rate may be explained by the differences in age, education level, occupation and method preference between rural and urban attempters.
Many factors may have played a role in differences in the fatality rate.
Our present study showed no significant differences in case fatality rate between individual serotypes or when grouping them.
In our series, a non-significant difference in case fatality rate between diabetic and nondiabetic patients was observed.
Differences in the length of follow-up might partly explain this difference; our 30-day fatality rate was also <20%.
Despite all the aforementioned reasons for expecting higher work injury and fatality rates among immigrants, some studies provide conclusive evidence of natives having a higher work injury and/or fatality rate than immigrants, whereas others find no differences by nativity.
Moreover, in the Markov model, which accounts for competing causes of death in addition to the age-specific case fatality rates, the maximum difference in PYLL between the youngest and oldest age categories reduces to about 0.20 years (2.5 months).
