Suggestions(1)
Exact(2)
(6) The quantity in eq. (6) has the same units as that in eq. (5), but is a "case fatality hazard".
In PopMod terminology, the transitions X→D, C→D and XC→D are partitioned into two parts, one of which is the cause-specific fatality hazard f due to the condition X, C or XC, and the other which is the non-specific death hazard (due to all other causes), called background mortality m: h X → D = f X + m (2a) h C → D = f C + m (2b) h XC → D = f XC + m (2c) (2) h S → D = m.
Similar(58)
After controlling for age and severity of disease at admission, penicillin resistance was associated with higher case-fatality (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.08-2.43).
So what would happen if these occurred all at once, say disasters with multiple fatalities, hazards that affect vulnerable groups such as young children, or risks imposed upon people just because of where they live?
We assume that the all-cause mortality hazard mtot and the total (i.e. overlapping) case-fatality hazards fX and fC are known.
Another interaction might involve relaxing the assumption of independence between background mortality hazard m and case-fatality hazards fX and fC.
(44) In other words, the cause-specific mortality hazards are weighted averages of the conditional case-fatality hazards, where weights are the proportions of the total population according to disease status regarding the other condition.
We distinguish and discuss both eruptive and non-eruptive fatalities, with hazards being present even when a volcano is in quiescence.
With the capabilities to impose billions of dollars in economic damages and large numbers of fatalities, natural hazards are not only costly to individuals and society, but have the potential to adversely impact insurance industries, governments, and the entire national economy (Kunreuther and Michel-Kerjan 2007).
We have already shown that in Europe (see Budayeva v Russia) an independent and thorough investigation is now a legal requirement following natural hazard fatalities.
Research into volcanic fatalities has focussed on statistical analysis of the numbers of fatalities over time, by hazard and eruption size.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com