Lung cancer (29 %) [ 3] and ischemic heart disease such as atherosclerotic diseases of the myocardium and blood vessels (28%%) [ 4] are the two major fatal morbidities directly associated with smoking.
Thus non-fatal morbidities such as outpatient visits or hospitalizations should also be considered in adequately characterizing the health effects of exposure to low or high temperatures [ 6].
Coding co-morbidities as a yes or no variable instead of looking at individual diseases may have overestimated the effect of such variable on the outcomes in patients who had one or two co-morbidities compared to those who had a combination of highly fatal co-morbidities.
(Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 2008) AIS was originally created as a threat to life scale, but over time has accounted for non-fatal injury morbidity.
Many elderly individuals have potentially fatal co-morbidities, which both compete with HNSCC as a cause of death and influence the risk/benefit ratio of cancer treatments.
In Bauchi, initial analysis of non-fatal maternal morbidity (pre-eclampsia, sepsis, excessive haemorrhage) showed marked heterogeneity between the minority of women who had a health check up after delivery and the majority who did not.
The most consistent and prominent of 28 candidate risk factors for non-fatal maternal morbidity was intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy (ORa 2.15, 95%CIca 1.43-3.24 in Bauchi and ORa 1.5, 95%CI 1.20-2.03 in Cross River).
Third, the life expectancy of patients without fatal co-morbidities was calculated from the life expectancy of the French general population published in the INSEE tables [ 27], grouped by age and sex for the year 2003.
The most consistent and prominent of 28 candidate risk factors and underlying determinants for non-fatal maternal morbidity was intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy (ORa 2.15, 95%CIca 1.43-3.24 in Bauchi and ORa 1.5, 95%CI 1.20-2.03 in Cross River).
We assessed the quality of evidence for mortality, overall morbidity, and fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction according to GRADE methodology 19 for risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias; classified as very low, low, moderate, or high.
