Godfray (1994) suggested that the high metabolic costs of pheromone production, combined with the haplodiploid genetic system which means that females do not need to be inseminated to begin reproduction (due to haplodiploidy virginity being costly, but not fatal for fitness), may have contributed to the rarity of long-distance pheromones in parasitoids.
The rate of elimination is fastest when s = 1 (i.e., when the relative fitness w = 0); this occurs with fatal diseases, such as untreated PKU, when the homozygotes die before the age of reproduction.
The former is a consequence of the absence of pastoralism in most historical human populations and does not affect fitness in those populations, whereas the latter would have been fatal in the past and thus was selected against.
Cardiorespiratory fitness was reported to modulate the relationship between MS and fatal events, providing a strong protective effect against all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
The fatal accident inquiry will look at the driver's medical background and his fitness to hold a licence.
In addition, other than the wing colour-pattern aberrations, most of the abnormalities detected in the F1 and F2 generations are likely fatal in the wild; the abnormal individuals could not reproduce offspring because of low fitness.
Nevertheless, we do not consider the lack of this control as a fatal flaw as the authors present multiple post hoc analyses to demonstrate that the fitness increase is unique to a low sucrose environment.
Reductions in crime, reductions in arrests, reductions in activity in open-air drug markets, reductions in fatal overdose, not to mention promotion of social integration, including considerable improvements in participants' housing situation and fitness for work.
If this mechanism is adaptive, fighters should have relatively lower fitness in large and/or dense colonies, due to costs incurred from fighting, which is often fatal.
The fatal accident inquiry (FAI) into the Glasgow bin lorry crash will look at the driver's medical background and his fitness to hold a licence.
