A single example of the Viceroy variety fetched 4 fat oxen, 8 fat swine, 12 fat sheep, a bed, a suit of clothes, a silver drinking cup and large quantities of wheat, rye, wine, beer, butter and cheese.
In the Middle Ages plague added to the demand for medicinal spices; a German price table from the 14th century sets the value of a pound of nutmeg at seven fat oxen.
One rare tulip could buy "2 lasts of wheat; 4 lasts of rye; 4 fat oxen; 8 fat swine; 12 fat sheep; 2 hogsheads of wine; 4 tuns of beer; 2 tuns of butter; 1,000 lbs. of cheese; a complete bed; a suit of clothes; and a silver drinking cup".
Mobile's first Carnival society was established in 1711 with the Boeuf Gras Society (Fatted Ox Society).
The change of fasting FAT-Ox differed both by sugar and by the presence/absence of MetSyn.
Overall the percent decrease of postprandial FAT-Ox was significant in subjects consuming fructose regardless of the presence (< 0.0001) or absence (P = 0.0002) of MetSyn, whereas with glucose consumption only subjects without metabolic syndrome exhibited statistically significant decreases of postprandial FAT-Ox (P = 0.03) (Table 2).
In subjects consuming fructose-sweetened beverages postprandial FAT-Ox rates decreased significantly both compared with baseline values (P < 0.0001) and compared with subjects consuming glucose-sweetened beverages (P < 0.0001) (Table 2, P Figure 2).
Although there was no overall change in fasting FAT-Ox in the glucose group at 10 weeks (P = 0.92), there was a significant decrease in subjects without metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05) (Table 2).
While fasting FAT-Ox tended to decrease in the fructose group at 10 weeks (P = 0.15), this trend was driven by the larger decreases that were observed in subjects with metabolic syndrome (P = 0.14) as opposed to those without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.74).
Schwarz et al reported strong correlations between changes of substrate oxidation rates (increased CHO-ox and decreased FAT-ox) and increases of DNL in subjects consuming 25% or 50% excess energy as carbohydrate (carbohydrate composition not specified) for 5 days (Schwarz et al 1995).
