If the deformations are greater than the maximum phase ambiguity limit, one effective method for the estimation is SAR offset-tracking (OT) using the amplitude information, i.e., complementing the measurements by tracking very fast deformation.
The time-lapse between the "fast" deformation and "slow" degassing is due to the difference between the immediate elastic expansion of the highly altered rocks (De Natale et al. [1991]), and the slower fluid rise (Chiodini et al. [2003]).
It is concluded that in the temporal evolution of deformation in a nanocrystalline material, twinning must be by far the fastest deformation mode, which accounts for the abundance of deformation twins, especially at high strain rates.
In addition, local coarsening of the structure by recrystallization produces bimodal grain structures and leads to strong softening when the temperature is sufficiently high during slow deformation after prior fast deformation and during annealing.
The latter may be evaluated by dynamic tonometry (visualization of fast deformation of the cornea), employing the Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgerate GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert, Buffalo, NY).
Bulk specimens, having an initial microstructure of equiaxed Pb-rich particles within the Sn-rich matrix, are subject to relatively fast deformations of tension, compression and bending.
Similar to the aforementioned analogy between entanglements and rigid cross-links for fast deformations, this reduction to the filament level naturally cannot fully account for cross-linking as an independent parameter.
In this study, we set out to develop a method for estimating the fine and fast shear deformation of a finger pad, that is, the palm side of a fingertip, as it scans the surface of a material.
The objective of this study is to develop an innovative non-contact photogrammetric system to meet the challenge for monitoring the fast surface deformation of a laboratory-simulated landslide, which can detect pre-failure events and the final failure, provide sectional and overall surface deformation patterns, and generate speed maps during the rapid slope failure.
The reference concrete made with natural sand stabilizes the creep deformation faster than the mixes made with FRCA.
