Exact(43)
The experiment was a randomized complete block design with farms (i.e., field schools) as replicates.
Medium farms are Cluster 2 (56.52%) and Cluster 3 (30.43%) farms i.e. diversified farms and small farms with higher off-farm income.
This restricts such analysis on a constant sub-sample of 2191 farms (i.e. 91.2 % of the whole sample).
viii) Local spread : we assumed that the force of infection decays exponentially with the distance (in kms) between farms at a rate α (i.e. so-called spatial kernel), giving (5) Λ i = β N i a ∑ j = 1 I exp − α d ij, where d ij is the distance between susceptible farms i and infected farm j.
This search identifies all source farms, i.e. all holdings that have a contact with the root farm as destination.
The 28 animals were from 27 different farms, i.e., only two cows of group 3 came from the same farm.
Similar(17)
Equation 3 below expresses the market income, ( Y ), of an individual farm i in year t.
The term ( {overline{Y}}_{ci} ) represents the mean market income or alternatively output of farm ( i ) during the period.
Let aij be the directed contact rate from farm j to farm i in a particular year.
From these 1000 samples, the predicted probability was estimated for each individual IPRAVE farm i as: ρ̅ i = (number of times farm i was positive) / 1000.
Let Λ i represent the force of infection for farm i due to sources other than movements.
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