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A key impetus was timber; farm trees meet 65% of India's demand.
Patch numbers of farm trees did not increase, which suggests that the expansion of tree cover is mostly due to a spatial expansion of previously existing tree patches.
The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial temporal dynamics of farm trees and woodlands in an agricultural landscape in Eastern Germany from 1964 to 2008, based on aerial photographs and digital orthophotos.
Taking a landscape ecological perspective, we quantify farm tree dynamics, disentangle processes of gain and loss in the socialist and post-socialist periods of Eastern Germany, and assess differences in ecosystem services provided by farm trees.
In agriculture this should involve all outputs of biodiverse agro-ecosystems – the compost, energy and dairy products from livestock, the fuel and fodder and fruit from agro-forestry and farm trees, the diverse outputs of diverse crops.
Presently, private farm trees, nearly all Eucalyptus woodlots, are planted mostly on hilly patches, parts of farmlands that are not suitable for growing food crops, and around homesteads (Ayele 2008; Gemechu 2010; Negasa et al. 2016; Negasa et al. 2017a).
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This tool accurately reflects the ecological values of farm tree cover, allowing negotiation of compensation for environmental services.
Soon we are all inside the main shed, having afternoon tea of fluffy carrot cake, oranges from the farm tree, cheese and crackers.
A substantial increase of overall tree cover by 24.8% was observed for the selected time period, but trajectories have been disparate across different farm tree classes.
"Farmers are motivated when they perceive ownership of their on-farm trees," he says.
A multivariate analysis showed that farmers maintained on-farm trees because of their direct timber, fencing, fuelwood, and charcoal production values.
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