They had, however, a far smaller sample size and a paucity of glucose measurements compared with our study.
The robustness of the two independent samples t-test when applied to three-, four- and five-point ordinal scaled data has previously been demonstrated by Heeren and D'Agostino [ 25] for far smaller sample sizes than this (as small as 20 per group).
Remarkably, whereas previous GWASs for other complex traits with far smaller sample sizes had discovered multiple novel variants, only one locus on chromosome 15, which harbors the cluster of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4, has been robustly associated with CPD across multiple GWAS of smoking [ 2- 7].
However, the vast majority of pharmacogenetic studies were far smaller (median sample size 93) and the distribution highly skewed (IQR 40 222).
While using a far smaller number of samples than the present study (n = 9 islets from individuals without diabetes, n = 6 from individuals with an HbA1c ≥ 6.1), and also examining the expression of only a small number of miRNAs (not including miR-187), this earlier study provided some evidence for abnormal miRNA expression in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes [ 30].
The lattice constant (about 500 nm) of the Au/PS sphere array samples is far smaller than that in common SPP THz devices (a few tens of microns).
By comparison, our method requires only a single purification step after DNA pooling, and a far smaller number of tags than samples for barcoding.
The low response rates were most likely a function of two issues: non-participating public health employees comprised a lower number of the total potential subjects; fewer non-participating LHDs responded to our request for information when building our database, thus leaving a far smaller pool from which to sample.
Smaller banks in the sample require hedging portfolios far smaller than their largest counterpart.
The artemisinin data set was far smaller and required a larger data sample for building, selecting and assessing the models.
