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So far, bone loss on micro-CT was mainly studied using parameters describing bone volume and composition [ 22, 23].
Thus far bone tissue engineering has not lead to an implant which could be used as alternative in bone replacement surgery.
With more than 100,000 implantations so far, bone anchored hearing implants [ 1] belong to the widest used implantable hearing aids to date, second only to cochlear implants.
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In this context, it is surprising that no study has so far linked bone markers to advanced bone imaging.
So far, reduced bone mass at the metacarpal bone shaft in RA has been documented in a number of stud-ies using Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry (DXR) [ 1, 3- 5] or at the hand by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) [ 3, 6- 8].
As far as bone formation markers were concerned, when both arms were considered together, both bone ALP and osteocalcin significantly (P=0.001 for both variables) changed after ZA administration.
So far human bone marrow is the most common MSC source, but yield of MSC from bone marrow significantly decreases with donor age [ 3].
This method has been applied to skull shape in Diplodocus [29], but the resulting theoretical construction has far greater bone thickness than in Diplodocus and especially Nigersaurus.
Indeed, the absence of mature lymphocytes in vivo mimics FcRγ deficiency as far as bone mass homeostasis is concerned, according to data reported by Wu et al. (accompanying article).
Depending on findings, the removal of the osteosynthesis material or an extensive debridement with possible far reaching bone resection may be necessary [ 2].
So far, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-matched donors is the only curative treatment, but it is limited to less than 25% of patients.
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