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The false valuation raised the fund's internal rate of return.
These include false valuation of assets, bogus deals between related parties, and millions of dollars pocketed by participants along the way.
The false valuation raised the fund's internal rate of return — the preferred performance metric for private equity vehicles — to about 38 percent from 3.8 percent, the S.E.C. said.
Their case was that the number of Facebook shares they acquired was based on a false valuation: they thought the shares were worth $35 apiece, whereas internal Facebook deliberations put them closer to $9.
As was the case with the dot.com collapse, the inflated demand for low interest loans created a false valuation in the real estate market.
Similar(55)
Echoing the I.R.S.'s assessments, the investors contend that Gramercy's investment strategy involved false valuations of worthless instruments; they also say the deals generated illegitimate profits to the firm.
It also warned about companies making false property valuations, and tying customers into contracts which prevent them selling to other people, should alternative, and more generous offers emerge.
In addition, while the payment card method could give rise to 'protest zeros' (i.e. false zero valuations in order to express dissent to some attribute of the WTP question), unlike the open-ended WTP question format it has not been found to lead to a very high proportion of protest-zero responses [ 40- 43].
Thus for a propositional language it will take as its basis, a clause according to which an atom is true or false accordingly as the valuation maps it to 1 or to 0. In systems in which ∨ is a primitive constant, the clause corresponding to disjunction takes α ∨ β to be true if at least one of α, β is true, and takes it to be false otherwise.
(Supervaluations are supposed to be non-bivalent, in verifying those formulas verified by all the underlying valuations and falsifying those formulas false on all the underlying valuations, with those in neither category being neither true nor false on the supervaluation.
By definition, b i = 1 iff B i (w) is True, i.e., iff w satisfies B i (written w | = B i ); correspondingly, b i = 0 iff B i (w) is False, i.e., iff valuation w does not satisfy B i (written w | ≠ B i ).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com