The scourge of false quotations has even produced a counter-industry of investigative sites and finger-wagging skeptics dedicated to setting the record straight.
George Washington's famous admonition to "avoid foreign entanglements" is one of history's most notorious false quotations — a three-word compression of a more subtle thought about avoiding Europe's squabbles.
Paul Krugman, writes Donald Luskin of Palo Alto, Calif., has committed "dozens of substantive factual errors, distortions, misquotations and false quotations -- all pronounced in a voice of authoritativeness that most columnists would not presume to permit themselves".
Some protesters include false quotations in their arguments.
Lately, a lot of my exploring is trying to find out who actually said what, amid all the false quotations whizzing by on Twitter.
Another game, called "the rag," used a fake brokerage house, where the victim was deceived by false stock quotations placed by swindlers, or "con men," posing as investment brokers.
But even if that quotation is false, Jordan has showed little willingness to engage in controversial politics.
In 1994 a jury in San Francisco ruled that two of five disputed quotations were false and one defamatory but that none had been written in such a reckless way that they would constitute libel.
The second trial, in 1994, in which Ms. Malcolm was the sole defendant, found that two of five disputed quotations were false and one of those was defamatory, but that it was not written with the reckless disregard that would have allowed libel damages.
(A jury ultimately found two quotations to be false, and one of those to be defamatory, but ruled that Ms. Malcolm had not shown the recklessness required for a libel verdict).
