Merely viewing a doctored photo and attempting to recall the event it depicts can lead people to remember wholly false experiences, such as taking a childhood hot-air balloon ride or meeting the Warner Brothers character Bugs Bunny at Disneyland (Braun, Ellis, & Loftus, 2002; Sacchi, Agnoli, & Loftus, 2007; Strange, Sutherland, & Garry, 2006).
But suppose that, as it turns out, my belief is false; the experience is not a pain but, say, an itch.
Hallucination as a side effect was defined as a false sensory experience where a patient reported seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling something that was nonexistent.
Also, if owners had an unstated bad conscience for putting their dog through painful side effects, they may have repressed their true perceptions and recalled a false positive experience.
Previous research (e.g. Tsakanikos and Reed, 2005; Tsakanikos, 2006) has suggested that unusual experiences and hallucination-proneness can predict false perceptual experiences in the laboratory.
However, recent evidence obtained using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm for eliciting false memory experiences suggests that individuals can falsely believe that events occurred mere seconds in the past when they in fact did not.
Then, the probability of detection and probability of false alarm experienced by SU i1 on channel j with the sensing result received from SU i2 can be written as P u, e i 1 i 2 j = P u i 2 j 1 − P e i 1 i 2 + 1 − P u i 2 j P e i 1 i 2 if i 1 ≠ i 2 P u i 2 j if i 1 = i 2 (29).
The model relies on the fact that a region of space filled with a peculiar state called "false vacuum" experiences rapid expansion due to a repulsive gravitational force.
Participants were purposively sampled for diversity of age, time from the false-positive experience and type of assessment procedure.
