Exact(2)
Erasmus promptly published an Apologia that accused Pio of publishing lies and false citations Even earlier, Erasmus had faced attacks by two Spanish scholars.
Apart from obviously false citations it is difficult to find a universally accepted definition or even a numerical cut-off value for the unscientific use of self-cites.
Similar(58)
The objectives were to describe the nature of subjects reflected in the false negative citations and to empirically improve the sensitivity of the search filter.
A thematic analysis of MeSH terms for the false negative citations confirmed the absence of any intrinsically palliative theme or term, suggesting that future improvements to search filters for palliative care literature will first depend on better identifying how clinicians and researchers conceptualise palliative care.
For these same "false-positive" citations, we measured the confidence of the classification model in its (mistaken) predictions, as described below.
To test for an association between human rescreening and model confidence, we compared the distribution of human scores across the extreme quartiles of the distribution of confidence scores over false-positive citations using Fisher's exact test.
For each data set, we asked our experts to manually rescreen "false-positive" citations (i.e., citations not included in the final database but predicted to be relevant by the classifier based only on titles and abstracts and not on the full text).
1873 unique MeSH terms were used a total of 4293 occasions, meaning that each false negative citation was indexed with a mean of 4.48 unique MeSH terms (1873 MeSH terms/418 references) and a total of 10.27 MeSH terms per article (4293 occasions/418 references).
Further, in systematic reviews false negatives (relevant citations misclassified as irrelevant) are much more costly than false positives (irrelevant citations misclassified as relevant).
In reply, Congreve wrote Amendments of Mr. Collier's False and Imperfect Citations (1698).
To assess whether the search for mental health studies failed to identify eligible studies (false negatives), all citations with reports in English will be manually inspected for eligibility.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com