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It was an opportunity to remind Wills of a fallacy in informal logic: the fallacy of false alternative.
But she rejects the traditional rationalist/empiricist dichotomy, taking it to embody a false alternative: rationalism holds that we can deduce knowledge from concepts acquired without the help of perception, whereas empiricism holds that we can gain propositional knowledge from experience without the help of concepts.
On Rand's view, many of the fundamental questions of philosophy, from the existence of universals to the nature of value, involve fruitless debates over the false alternative "intrinsic or subjective?" in cases where the phenomenon in question is neither intrinsic nor subjective, but rather objective.
Even a supporter of the free market, if offered this false alternative, will likely decide: "Then I'm for ObamaCare".
Marshalin mRNA has a high GC content with abundant short direct repeat sequences, which can result in false alternative transcripts during cDNA synthesis through reverse transcriptase (Cocquet et al., 2006).
Thus, subjects change their own behaviour or preferences to match that of others, a prime example being the experiment by Asch in humans (1956), in which subjects chose an overtly false alternative while viewing the right alternative as a result of group normative behaviour (see e.g. Bond and Smith 1996 for a meta-analysis).
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"You're posing false alternatives to me.
But Kirsch's own judgments keep returning to those false alternatives.
And because we were using multiple-choice questions, the right answer was often accompanied by two plausible but false alternatives.
This theorem provides sufficient conditions for the likely refutation of false alternatives via exceeding small likelihood ratios.
Thus, Bayesian inductive support for hypotheses is a form of eliminative induction, where the evidence effectively refutes false alternatives to the true hypothesis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com