But it is a fallacy to argue that the interests of governments and the interests of their citizens must align, in kidnapping cases or in any other endeavor that is not a crime.
(2) The converse fallacy of accident argues improperly from a special case to a general rule.
The whole process of trying to parse the painfully obvious fallacy reminded me of the task of arguing against extremist Muslim clerics when they try to denigrate non-Muslims, the same momentary sense of helplessness and not knowing where to start.
During the 1981 creationist trial in Little Rock, Arkansas, the attorney for the State, David Williams, committed the same logical fallacy by arguing that criticisms of evolutionary theory were evidence for creationism.
"It's the sunken cost fallacy," he argues, where IT departments feel more comfortable supporting old mainframes and enterprise software instead of supporting their company's business strategy.
Social media theorist Nathan Jurgenson has rightly challenged the fallacy of "digital dualism" and argued against the sharp distinction drawn between online and "real" lives.
Halfway through the film, an untitled poem by Leo Avedon about the "fallacy of respectability" politics, which argue that, if black males want to be seen in less dangerous ways, they should dress and act differently, is read over positive moving images of the black teenagers.
In his last book, he still sounded scornful of those linguists who had accepted the "fallacy" that lack of speech meant lack of language, arguing that "demographics and cultural oppression facilitated the conceit".
The most thorough recent study of these questions is in Schreiber (2003), who emphasizes Aristotle's concern with resolving (exposing) fallacies and argues that it is Aristotelian epistemology and metaphysics that is needed for a full understanding of the fallacies in the Sophistical Refutations.
Prior argued that the fallacy of Diodorus' Master Argument lay in his assumption that whatever is, or is not, or will be, or will never be, has in the past been necessarily so – thus, in effect assuming that the future is deterministic.
By 'fallacy' Whately meant "any unsound mode of arguing, which appears to demand our conviction, and to be decisive of the question at hand, when in fairness it is not"' (Bk. III, intro).
