Thus it is possible that L. monocytogenes induction of autophagy is multi-step process, with LLO falling upstream of an as-yet-unidentified receptor.
↔ means that the polymorphism falls upstream to both genes (possible of genes are transcribed divergently).
Unless the input position falls in an intergenic region, the tool will map it with respect to the transcript(s) and report whether it falls upstream, downstream, in the 5′ or 3′ untranslated region, in a stop-codon, in a skipped exon or in a coding exon.
[Only one other protein among those seen on gels was specified by a gene (SCO6717) annotated as TTA-containing, and closer examination of the SCO6717 sequence indicates that the TTA codon falls upstream of a likely translation start codon.] The gels examined contained about 1500 different protein spots.
The genomic locations of these newly identified TREs all fall in upstream promoter regions, -2.3, -4.6, -7.4 and -2.3 kb from their respective TSS.
However, there does seem to be limited specificity in that CG3632 and Ptp99A enhance drk and Sos, genes that fall relatively upstream in the KEGG-annotated Ras pathway, while CG7115 and Pdp knockdowns most strongly enhance the relatively downstream pathway knockdown Ras85D.
The river was an important transportation route during this time, although Willamette Falls, just upstream from Portland, was a major barrier to boat traffic.
In order to obtain an estimation of the performance on these genome-wide conditions, we have taken as positive predictions those that match ChIP-Seq transcription evidences (Birney et al., 2007), as well as those falling immediately upstream of annotated gene starts.
By 1700 the Virginia frontier had been pushed as far west as the fall line the point upstream at which the rivers emptying into the Atlantic became unnavigable.
