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Ideally, DNA damage is faithfully repaired.
If chromatin ubiquitination is important for regulating the balance between mutagenic and faithful DNA repair in Ig gene hypermutation, one might predict that AID could deaminate multiple genes but the resulting uracils are faithfully repaired at the non-Ig loci.
Thus, based on our in vivo data, NBS1 is more likely to influence the outcome of deaminated C residues in the bottom strand (faithfully repaired or mutated), rather than to promote generation of mutations from the top strand.
Potentially, in the presence of NBS1, the top strand (non-transcribed, coding) is more targeted by AID than the bottom strand (transcribed, non-coding), or maybe a deaminated C residue, located on the top strand, is processed differently from one located on the bottom strand (mutagenically repaired or faithfully repaired).
DSBs are faithfully repaired by several repair pathways depending on their nature and timing during the cell cycle [ 58– 60].
Whereas mTOR/S6 signaling is the primary cause of aging and induction of premature cell senescence the DNA damage by reactive oxidants, since it induces DSBs which cannot always be faithfully repaired, predisposes to neoplastic transformation [ 1- 7].
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This premature entry into mitosis observed in the chk1Δ cells most likely results in the inability to faithfully repair cisplatin-induced DNA damage resulting in the loss of viability as observed in Figure 1a,b.
HR relies on significant regions of homology to faithfully repair DSBs.
Failure to detect and faithfully repair chromosomal damage leads to genomic instability and consequential loss of cellular viability.
As described in the previous sections, HR pathways ensure genomic stability in meiotic cells by faithfully repairing all the programmed DSBs introduced by SPO-11.
The NHEJ pathway mediates the re-ligation of the two broken DNA ends, while HR involves the use of a homologous sequence as a template to faithfully repair the damaged region.
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