Second, we can imagine philosophical reasoning persuading us to adopt a principle that renders the appeal to a fair process unnecessary, but we cannot imagine such a philosophical "proof" of the fairness of a gambling outcome that would lead us to think the spin of a fair roulette wheel or a throw of a properly balanced die can be rendered unnecessary in the same way.
"It's not about the fairness of a trial," he said.
The predictability and fairness of a rules-based system could be lost.
An auditor would apply principles, not rules, to judge the fairness of a company's numbers.
And they question the fairness of a judicial system that removed two subsequent prime ministers who were allied with Mr. Thaksin.
Jurors, Mr. Amar said, brought their own skepticism of the government into court and that could be useful in demonstrating the fairness of a legal process.
Some, including Woods, still question the fairness of a format that could have had one player winning the first three events and losing the FedEx Cup.
Third, and perhaps most important, House Republicans could remain the final arbiters of the fairness of a recount in the Florida vote.
Some question the fairness of a scheme which focuses on reducing emissions caused by some of the world's poorest people while emissions continue to rise in richer countries.
But David S. Ruder, chairman of the S.E.C. in the late 1980s, said that regulators were in a better position to determine the fairness of a settlement because they commanded both the specifics and context of each case.
In the mid-1970s, when I covered tennis, Renée Richards was a supremely strange phenomenon as the pro tennis and legal worlds hotly debated the fairness of a "he/she" competing against the likes of Chris Evert and Martina Navratilova.
