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This leads to better short-term fairness that translates to improved long-term fairness calculated over average flow rates.
In its report, the Institute for Policy Studies and lobby group Americans for Tax Fairness calculated that between 2009 and 2014, the top eight Walmart executives took home more than $298m in "performance pay" that was fully tax deductible.
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While, for homogeneous data traffic, fairness properties can be described well using different fairness indices, calculated on the basis of the fraction of resources each user is allocated, this is not the case for delay-sensitive RT applications.
The fairness index is calculated using the following formula.
The Jain's fairness index is calculated every second as (1).
Then, the system fairness can be calculated according to F={1 over {Delta+1}} {sum_{t=T_{0}}^{T_{0}+Delta} F t)}.
With Ω m denoting the performance metric for user m (i.e., throughput or average delay), then Jain's fairness index is calculated as JF I C = ∑ m ∈ C Ω m 2 C ∑ m ∈ C Ω m 2, Ω m ≥ 0 ∀ m, (70) where is the set of users belonging to a given class of service and C denotes the cardinality of this set.
Fairness: Jain's fairness index [44] will be used to calculate fairness among users of the same class of service.
In the next example, we study the fairness behavior by showing the fairness index which is calculated as [21] for different power allocation schemes.
The throughput of each flow is measured and calculated the fairness index using the well known Jain fairness index [29].
The fairness of the proposed algorithms is measured using Jain's fairness index (JFI) [26] calculated as begin{array}rcl@ text{JFI}left(x_{1}, x_{2},ldots, x_{n} right) = frac{left(sum_{i=1}^{n} x_{i}right)^{2}} {nsum_{i=1}^{n} {x_{i}^{2}}}, end{array} (22).
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