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It has been suggested previously that the impulsivity construct can be fractionated into (i) impulsive action, an increase in action production and/or a failure to inhibit action execution (behavioral inhibition), and (ii) impulsive choice or decision making, which may be the result of being unable to properly value delayed rewards (Evenden, 1999; Winstanley et al., 2004).
It has been reported that depressed patients show a specific failure to inhibit negative information, whereas formerly depressed individuals exhibited impaired inhibition of negative as well as positive information [ 26].
Performance is measured by accuracy on target (correct responses to visual/auditory targets), false positive (false alarm or failure to inhibit a motor task, wrong mouse clicks), and false negatives (misses or incorrect inhibition of a motor task, mouse click).
Failure to inhibit was associated with activation in mesial frontopolar and bilateral inferior parietal cortices, presumably reflecting an attention network for error detection.
Impulsive behaviour may represent a failure to inhibit an action with negative consequences, and may reflect a lack of planning, impaired decision-making and tendency to fast action (Alvarez-Moya et al. 2011).
The findings have theoretical implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying a failure to inhibit unwanted intrusions and clinical implications for disorders involving high levels of intrusive thoughts and memories.
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This study tested a dual-process model of self-control where the combination of high impulsivity (negative urgency – NU), weak reflective/control processes (low executive working memory capacity – E-WMC), and a cognitive load is associated with increased failures to inhibit pre-potent responses on a cued go/no-go task.
However, early clinical data for direct FLT3 inhibitors provided only modest results because of the failure to fully inhibit FLT3.
A recent study demonstrated that reduced expression of NF1 was associated with erlotinib resistance due to a failure to fully inhibit RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway.
Some authors suggest that the correct definition of aspirin resistance is a failure to adequately inhibit platelet TXA2 production, reflecting the mode of action of the drug.
However, approval of these agents for FLT3-associated diseases is still challenging, which was suspected to be due to the failure to fully inhibit FLT3 in tumours and undesirable drug properties (Ustun et al, 2009).
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