For example, a recent study that integrated NGS technologies with existing software packages to develop markers for a species of aphid [ 24] found that only 0.76% of their 342 candidate markers were suitable for use, though whether this was due to failure to amplify target loci with standard PCR protocols or because amplified loci were not polymorphic is unknown to us.
Alternatively, the wildtype allele could have be edited in such a way that the primer a sequence was deleted, resulting in failure to amplify the wildtype allele.
The primers ITSHrF and ITSHrR were designed within the internal transcribed spacer 2 region, and their specificity to H. rhododendri was established by their failure to amplify DNA extracted from 14 other Hypocreaceae species.
Small variations in sequence can help to explain the failure to amplify certain genes or the amplification only at lower annealing temperatures as compared to human DNA samples for several primer pairs.
Successful PCR amplification indicates cytosine methylation; in contrast, a failure to amplify genomic DNA indicates unmethylated cytosine residues.
Previous experience with the primers suggests that failure to amplify was not due to primer mismatch, but rather to sample quality.
This was necessary because manipulation of large CTG repeat expansions is difficult due to their intrinsic instability and failure to amplify by PCR.
The lack of induction of these genes in chimpanzees that progress to chronic infection may actually represent a failure to amplify anti-viral T-cell response.
In the present study, failure to amplify nuDNA and mtDNA from the oldest specimen is likely due to post-mortem degradation of DNA to sub-amplifiable levels [3].
In several cases, failure to amplify loci resulted from the loss of the C locus, as confirmed by genome sequencing and southern hybridizations using the repeat sequence from that locus as a probe (data not shown).
Failure to amplify pox DNA from the remaining 15 of 28 wild 'amakihi could be because the virus is not present in the blood of these birds or may be present in very low titers.
