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Tearing failure of the sheet (Type III).
(c) Tearing failure of the sheet (Type III) (d) Shear failure of bolt (Type IV). .
For repaired beams; stress concentrations at a damage location result in local debonding of the CFRP sheet, followed by complete debonding failure of the sheet.
Upon further straining, fiber strands in the layers start to break in shear and the process rapidly leads to catastrophic failure of the sheet.
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Numerical predictions for the transient deformation and failure of the rubber sheet were within 10% of experimental results.
The specimen with CNT reinforced polymer showed 7.5% higher bearing load of the concrete until failure of the glass sheet, over the column with non-reinforced polymer.
The Hou criteria were used to predict the failure of the face-sheets.
The failure of the face-sheets was predicted by implementing Hou failure criteria and a procedure to degrade material properties in a user subroutine (VUMAT).
The main objective of the testing program was to experimentally verify that the moment capacity of the FRP strengthened columns was accurately calculated, when accounting for two possible failure modes (failure of the FRP sheets and failure of the FRP anchors).
The authors employed a 3D model in ABAQUS/Explicit to evaluate the indentation event, the skin failure of the face sheets and carry out a sensitivity study of the panel's response.
It was revealed that the collapse of the foam core under the impact region favoured the failure of the upper face-sheet.
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