Preclinical studies of tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) showed retraction of the heart valve leaflets as major failure of function mechanism.
Any condition that causes failure of function of part of the retina, the optic nerve, or the optic pathway to the brain can cause such a blind spot, and the symptom requires careful investigation.
Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that, because it can cause a catastrophic failure of function in an array of vital organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels, is the seventh leading cause of death in the US [ 13].
Failure of functioning is the most critical endpoint for an organ or an individual.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; RIF, renal failure according to RIFLE (Risk of renal failure, Injury to kidney function, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage renal failure) score criteria.
McNally (Behaviour Research and Therapy (2000) pp. 309 314) argues to the contrary that "dysfunction" is a value concept referring to negative failures of function, that "function" refers to current causal roles and not evolutionarily designed causal roles, and that "disorder" consequently means "harmful failure of a mechanism to perform a valued current causal role".
"The clinical problems that physicians address involve failures of function at relatively high system levels, and these are traced to failures in tissue function, which, in turn, arise from cellular and subcellular processes.
RIFLE, Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage kidney disease; GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate; ARF Acute Renal Failure.
RIFLE is an acronym indicating Risk of renal dysfunction; Injury to the kidney; Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage kidney disease [ 11].
The risk of renal dysfunction, injury to the kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function, and end-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria were used to evaluate the occurrence of nephrotoxicity.
AKI, acute kidney injury; HR, hazard ratio; RIFLE, Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage kidney disease.
