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The failure of breeding females to become pregnant, in both dairy and beef cattle production systems, directly impacts the economic viability of these enterprises, and ultimately hinders genetic progress.
The zoo community is becoming increasingly interested in this discussion, especially when faced with reproductive failure of breeding pairs due to mate incompatibility or aggression which can lead to injury or death (Wielebnowski et al. 2002).
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Because heterozygosity has not dropped in parallel with the inbreeding coefficient (Figure 1B) and selection appears to act to maintain heterozygosity (Figure 2B), the calculated figure of breeding failure equivalents is probably an underestimate of the true number of detrimental alleles.
The disease can result in significant economic losses in infected flocks where no control programs are in place, due to reproductive failure, culling of breeding animals as well as ban on trade.
The main cause of breeding failure at the Souss-Massa National Park is the loss of eggs to predators, especially the common raven which nest monitoring has shown to have had a serious impact at one sub-colony.
The "divorce" of a pair is a rare occurrence, due to the diminished life-time reproductive success it causes, and usually only happens after several years of breeding failure.
This poor coordination of incubation shift length can increase the rate of breeding failure in seabirds [66].
Seabirds undergo large variations in body mass during their breeding period [7], [8], [9] and the rate of breeding failure can be high during the incubation period [10].
However, the proximate causes of breeding failure are poorly known despite the long-term interests in the conservation of this species [16].
As a previous work, after the verification of breeding failure, we developed the analyses of egg content (three unfertile eggs and four embryos) and necropsy of two dead fledglings from Canary Islands.
We conducted a comprehensive study of failed eggs and dead nestlings in bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) to attempt to elucidate the proximate causes of breeding failure behind the recent decline in productivity in the Spanish Pyrenees.
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