Group I included 10 in failure (Group Ia) and 10 compensated (Group Ib).
In the failure group the free flap received most of the blood supply through the bypass.
Baseline plasma norepinephrine (NE), renin, and aldosterone were higher in the heart failure group.
Then, we compared these criteria between the failure group and the success group.
Eight dogs underwent conventional continuous right ventricular pacing to a biologic endpoint of severe heart failure (group 1).
In the failure group (n = 30), 15 patients needed NIV, 15 patients were intubated, and four died.
Atrial and ventricular tissue samples were also obtained from 21 dogs paced to severe heart failure (group 2) and from 14 normal dogs (controls).
At severe heart failure (group 2), atrial ANF remained low, whereas ventricular ANF concentration was similar to that of the controls.
Immunosuppression (6% vs 22%, p = 0.006) and active cancer (11% vs 24%, p = 0.026) were more frequent in the failure group.
However, there was no difference in the frequency of lowering the support level between weaning success and weaning failure group (one hour, p = 0.65; one day, p = 0.78).
Improvement of PaO2 after drainage was also not associated the result of weaning success (60 vs 66 % in weaning success vs failure group, p = 0.59).
