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If there is less than enough mass, the best that failed star, or brown dwarf, may be able to manage is to produce some heat and light by fusing atoms of deuterium, a heavier form of hydrogen.
It is known as MOA-2007-BLG-192-L b, but astronomers don't know yet whether its home star is real star or a failed star called a brown dwarf.
In fact, if the mass is toward the low end of that range, the object could be a brown dwarf, which forms the same way stars do but does not have the necessary mass to sustain fusion -- in short, a failed star.
Well, as the entire world is observing a phenomenally cool meteor shower, a "brown dwarf" (you'll hear that one a lot, so go ahead and have a swig), or failed star, crashes into the Moon, causing bits of it to hit Earth and igniting anomalies that become weirder and more frequent, until the Moon's orbit goes haywire.
A team discovered a huge gas ball--apparently a failed star called a brown dwarf--circling a star that holds another planet in its sway.
Sporting approximately 10 times the mass of Jupiter, it's too small to be a brown dwarf, which is essentially a failed star.
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They also appear not to fit the usual description of failed stars, known as brown dwarfs.
Why call these things planets rather than small failed stars, like the slightly more massive brown dwarfs?
Brown dwarfs are known as failed stars because they are too small to withstand the thermonuclear reactions that stars undergo.
Brown dwarfs are what we could call failed stars, as they never manage to initiate nuclear reactions in their centres," Mr Gagne said.
The unseen bodies could be other planets, dim companion stars or brown dwarfs -- small "failed" stars that were not quite massive enough to light up.
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