The main provision concerning the personal liability of officers and directors involves systemically important financial institutions, or the "too big to fail" entities.
Indeed, under the Dodd-Frank Act, all the "too big to fail" entities are busy preparing resolution plans (otherwise known as living wills) that outline how they would be fair in a bankruptcy case.
The credit of the Treasury and the financial firepower of our central bank effectively support the credit of JPMorgan Chase (and the other too-big-to-fail entities).
For sure, shareholders in recently failed financial entities might disagree, but consolidation was required in banking and stock broking last year, just as took place in the mid-late 1980s in semiconductors.
Traditional hard security mechanisms with different techniques of authorization, access control and information security services give a solid foundation, but they fail when cooperating entities act deceitfully.
To them, waste connotes inefficiency and mirrors situations where managers of entities fail to minimize cost or maximize output because they are not using the best technology available.
In an FMEA, the basic process consists of compiling lists of possible component failure modes (all the ways in which an entity may fail), gathered from descriptions of each part of the system, and then trying to infer the effects of those failures on the rest of the system.
On the other, tokenisation may lead to overlapping annotations if the rules fail to separate several adjoint entities or non-entity characters from entities.
The idea for a special resolution authority appears to rest on the belief that large, troubled institutions cannot be allowed to go bankrupt because their collapse will cause other entities to fail.
However, this truth condition does not commit us to mere possibilia, to entities that fail to be actual.
