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The spirochaete Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai, a pathogenic non-obligate parasitic bacterium that can survive as a saprophyte or as a facultative parasite of mammals, has developed a vast regulatory system to interpret the signals from these distinct environment [ 37, 38].
To do so, we study the T3S effectors in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xcv), a Gram-negative, facultative parasite that causes leaf spot disease in tomato and pepper.
Equipped with green leaves, the plant is able to photosynthesize and provide its own nutrition, but acts as facultative parasite and steals water from its neighbors as necessary (which enables both its size and dry-season flowering).
chlamydosporia (Goddard) Gams & Zare (Clavicipitaceae), is a facultative parasite of root-knot and cyst nematodes (Anastasiades et al. 2008; Moosavi et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2011 and Evans et al. 2017).
These authors then concluded that this Chytrid was saprotroph or possibly facultative parasite, although the infection of healthy dividing host cells is considered a general rule in chytrid parasitism [55].
Organisms were classified into free-living, facultative parasite, and obligate parasite categories.
Similar(43)
Relaxed selection was tested for parasitic versus autotrophic species, obligate versus facultative parasites, and obligate parasitic versus facultative plus autotrophic species.
Parasites that depend on the host stage are called obligate parasites, whereas parasites that can skip the parasitic stage for several generations are called facultative parasites.
Others, like Triphysaria, are facultative parasites that can mature without a host plant but will parasitize neighboring plants when available.
Triphysaria are facultative parasites that can grow to maturity without host plants but will readily parasitize many host species when available, including Arabidopsis and maize.
Various protozoans, fungi, and bacteria are parasites, either exclusively (obligate parasites) or with the ability to live independently (facultative parasites).
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