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Psychological distance is a construct that measures the "distance" of an event or object in terms of geography, time, cultural similarity and factual certainty.
Such uncertainty is intolerable in a free market system and leads to fear and panic, which can only subside with factual certainty.
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"Real scientific work is full of uncertainty - that's why it's so exciting - but I find that this is what's lacking in education, where subjects are too often presented as a series of dull factual certainties," Dr Lotto said.
This supports the notion that while students recognise that cultural diversity training is needed, and that such training and its effects can and often do occur beyond the classroom, they still expressed a strong desire for certainty-based, factual information [ 25, 41].
I measure self-awareness of political knowledge by eliciting respondent certainty about answers to 24 factual questions about politics.
Nevertheless the ever-accumulating factual mistakes must call into question the certainty with which the Church claims that god, or the Bible, is infallible, since their previous insistence has proven unsubstantiated with glaring factual mistakes.
If you claim to have more flights to Chicago than your competitor, you have made a factual statement that can be verified or refuted with certainty.
It also impresses the jurors with their solemn responsibility to avoid being misled by suspicion, conjecture, or mere appearance, and to arrive at a state of certainty concerning the proper resolution of the relevant factual issues.
If curricula continue to teach specific factual information they not only miss a key opportunity to discuss certainty but may also collude with students that cultural diversity is about facts rather than self reflection, personal development and professionalism as suggested by several authors in the field [ 39, 52].
[i]t is fictional to believe that anything less than extensive adjudications, under the impact of a variety of factual situations, would bring the oath within the bounds of permissible constitutional certainty.
Rather it would require 'extensive adjudications, under the impact of a variety of factual situations,' to bring the challenged statute or regulation 'within the bounds of permissible constitutional certainty.' Ibid.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com