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Frictional losses in the pumping unit structure are neglected, i.e., a torque efficiency factor of unity is used.
This calculation model uses the torque factor concept with the following basic assumptions Frictional losses in the pumping unit structure are neglected, i.e., a torque efficiency factor of unity is used.
Their analysis suggests that the magnetic field amplitude of an Alfvén wave incident in the shock-upstream region is enhanced by a factor of unity or three, depending on the sense of wave propagation in the upstream and downstream region with respect to the shock normal direction and that the amplification of a fast magnetosonic wave is about a factor of four.
For X-rays and gamma-rays, we assume a quality factor of unity; hence, 1 mGy = 1 mSv.
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The RfD published by the EPA for fluoride is 0.06 mg/kg-day and is based on the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) of 0.06 mg/kg-day and uncertainty and modifying factors of unity (U.S. EPA 2003).
The exact shape of the nonlinear function describing how spike probability changes across the domain boundary might introduce additional numerical factor of order unity in Eq. (2), but these factors can always be accounted for by defining σ to be the effective noise level.
Factor of safety was defined as the maximum reinforcement force available divided by the force required for stability to give a factor of safety of unity.
A factor of safety of unity theoretically means that the failure mass is on the verge of sliding [22].
But as artistic beauty consists in the objective factors of manifoldness, unity, and attitude, the response to artistic beauty depends upon imagination, reason, and the further element of feeling, for response to the attitude of the work.
Only above this value, the sensors exhibit the conventional selectivity behavior dictated by the membrane components (ionophore, solvent), whereas, below the critical activity, they turn out to be completely non-specific and yield apparent selectivity factors of about unity.
The results are presented in table 2. In a perfect fit to the proposed 5-factor model each DREEM item will load on only one factor producing a value of unity with loadings on all other factors manifesting as zero.
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