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The factor of amplification can be enormous.
However, for periods shorter than 15 s, the factor of amplification is smaller than that for longer periods.
The results show that (BNU MAX and BU are almost constant with increasing au3, indicating that the factor of amplification is also constant regardless of variations in au3.
For periods longer than 20 s, the factor of amplification is largely constant, similar to the results obtained when al3 and au3 are varied.
An important result shown in Fig. 3(a) is that the factor of amplification (i.e., the ratio between (BNU MAX and BU) remains largely unchanged as (BNU MAX and BU decrease with increases in al3.
Once an ancestral sequence has been inferred, the rate of evolution from the ancestor to the target species (i.e., the number of substitutions that are fixed in the primer binding regions) is then a major determining factor of amplification success.
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Biased representation could also occur by a failure to sufficiently amplify specific mRNA transcripts that exist below a detection threshold, such as very low abundance mRNA or mRNA with low hybridisation signals on the array due to a number of factors independent of amplification.
The amplification efficiency is also affected by gDNA contamination, because competitive binding of primers acts as a limiting factor causing decrease of amplification efficiency [ 13].
Contour maps of amplification factor, streamwise perturbation velocity and Reynolds stresses are constructed, providing insight into optimal placement of structures within such topographical features.
A regulatory loop allows for modifying the gain or amplification factor of the regulation function, which influences the speed and power of regulation.
To estimate an error of the ASL method, we added random fluctuations to the site amplification factor of each station based on the assumption that the site amplification factor follows a log-normal distribution (standard deviations are listed in Table 1), then we conducted a grid search 100 times for each event with the fluctuated site amplification factors.
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