Singing males face a very high risk of parasitism, but the satellite males that take advantage of the singing males do not face this risk.
Rank-and file members are ready to face this risk to try to make it to the top, where life is good and money is flowing.
Andras Cser, an analyst with Forrester, says all IAM vendors face this risk to some extent, and although standardization tends to work against this approach, there is no guarantee that one of the bigger companies won't take matters into their own hands.
That's what the United States faced after 1929, Zingales warns, "and it faces this risk again today".
In settings with high fertility, such as sub-Saharan Africa, women face this risk many times in their lifetime.
If an investigator collects data on pesticide applicators, the risk of applying pesticides is a risk not directly related to research, because the applicators would face this risk even they did not participate in the study.
To face this maintenance risk issue, risk assessment/management approaches are conventionally conducted by considering human, organisational or technical directions.
Facing this dilemma of risk and benefit of fish consumption, the FAO and WHO held an Expert Consultation Workshop in 2011.
Faced with this risk, you would think our policymakers would be using every tool at hand to avert the possibility - lowering the cost of bank funds by slashing interest rates, launching the Crosby plan to help the housing market, emulating the Irish and offering comprehensive deposit insurance.
This scene was dramatic because we identify with a vulnerable protagonist facing the risk of failure.
