Adaptations during the ongoing evolution of glycolysis have involved the rapid emergence of new genes by duplication and retrotransposition, the acquisition of distinct expression patterns in male germ cells, changes in the enzymatic properties, and novel structural features that facilitate compartmentalization of the glycolytic pathway in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum.
Tobacco osmotin can act in osmotolerance by facilitating the compartmentalization of solutes [ 10] or metabolic/structural alterations during osmotic adjustment [ 3, 4].
Most proteins that target the plasma membrane contain signals within their cytoplasmic termini that permit their recruitment into endocytic vesicles, which in turn facilitates their selective compartmentalization in the apical or basolateral membranes selectively [ 23].
Lipids are best known for their structural role in forming lipid bilayers in cells, which facilitates inter- and intracellular compartmentalization.
This co-localization of isoQC and CCL2 within intracellular compartments, i.e. at higher concentration of substrate and enzyme due to compartmentalization, might be important to facilitate the rather slow turnover of CCL2.
The uptake of these complex ligands may be facilitated by CXCL16, which may influence this differential compartmentalization [ 9].
Nitrite compartmentalization near the RBC membrane may facilitate a localized reaction between deoxyhemoglobin and nitrite for NO release with a diffusional barrier formed by methemoglobin.
The observed co-localization of isoQC and CCL2 within intracellular compartments, i.e. at higher concentration of substrate and enzyme due to compartmentalization, might thus be important to facilitate the rather slow turnover of CCL2.
Caveolae are distinct lipid microdomains involved in the compartmentalization of many signalling molecules, including eNOS, and facilitating signal transduction.
This suggests that one contributor to persistent HIV production in these disorders may be compartmentalization of HIV strains within the CNS, perhaps facilitated by poor CNS exposure of ART or by prior inconsistent medication adherence.
